Base stocks were the hot topic of 2019 in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, from expanded production capacity to industry-changing regulations to sanctions with global ripple effects.

Seventy-two percent of waste oil generated in Spain in 2018 was refined into base stocks, according to a recent annual progress report by Sigaus, a non-profit organization that manages the countrys recycling of used lubricants.

European Union institutions should revise the modal shift approach to transport policy - a shift from road transport to other modes such as rail - to a co-modal approach to improve the efficiency of each mode of transport, the European Automobile Manufacturers Association said in a position paper.